Behavioural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Behavioural Studies - Essay Example The first theory I would like to discuss is Clayton Alfred’s ERG theory. ERG means Existence, Relatedness and Growth. Alfred built his theory on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, collapsing his five levels of needs into three categories. Existences needs are strivings for physiological and material well-being (or safety and physiological needs in terms of Maslow). Relatedness needs are desires to have satisfactory interpersonal relationships (social needs in Maslow’s terms). Growth needs are humans striving for psychological growth and development (levels of esteem and self-actualization in Maslow’s model). This model assumes that unsatisfied needs serve as motivators for work. As people satisfy the lower level needs they strive to achieve the needs of upper levels. However, if it is impossible to satisfy these needs, people may move own the hierarchy revealing the so called frustration-regression principle. That is – when a higher level needs can not be satisfied, the needs of the lower level may be reactivated and become motivators again. This peculiarity of human behavior allows capitalizing on the importance of higher level needs. A manager should provide opportunities for growth and good workplace climate, two motivators preserving and enhancing employee loyalty and desire to work for the organization. Another useful theory is that of acquired needs elaborated by David McClelland. The basic presupposition is that each individual has specific needs of his own and these needs are learned through life experience. There are three needs motivating people in work. Need for achievement drives to excel. Need for power makes people develop leader qualities. Need for affiliation is the desire to have good interpersonal relationships and avoid conflicts. Depending on employee needs a manager can tailor specific tasks and environment motivating people. High achievers

3M and its unique culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3M and its unique culture - Essay Example The company is consistently developing new products that is set up with inter-actions with customers and at the same time creating a culture that promotes employee pride and well-being, encourages integrity, and supporting social and environment development. Systems established to institutionalize this culture among employees 3M has set aside a budget that exceeds $1 billion annually for research and development to support innovation. 3M allowed employees to do their work in their own way. The management believed that as their business expands, it becomes necessary to delegate responsibilities to workers and to encourage them to exercise their initiatives. To date, 3M has over 50,000 products that were developed through constant research and innovation. Some well known products are the sandpaper, Scotch tape, Scotchguard fabric protector, Post-it Notes, O-CelO sponges, asthma inhalers, medical and dental adhesives, and plastic sheeting. Drawbacks on such culture. In allowing employee s to experiment on their ideas, failures and mistakes cannot be avoided. But when this happens, 3M does not punish the employees because by doing so, initiatives of personnel are dampened; and they consider people with initiatives important in the organization in order to grow. Drawbacks also consist of time and expense.